閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟鏄編鍦嬩笂涓栫磤(j矛)涓冨崄骞翠唬闁嬬櫦(f膩)鐨勪竴绋噾灞〃闈㈤槻鑵愯潟铏曠悊鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鍚嶇ū鐐虹墖鐙€閶呭熀閴婚菇闃茶(h霉)娑傚堡锛屾槸鐢卞井绱�(x矛)鐨勯睏鐗囩媭閶呯矇銆侀媮绮夊拰浠ヤ笁鍍�(ji脿)閴荤偤涓荤殑閴婚吀楣芥(g貌u)鎴�锛岀郴閲囩敤灏囬噾灞欢鍦ㄦ按鍩鸿檿鐞嗘恫涓喎娴稿悗鍐嶇儤鐑ゆ垚鑶滅殑鏂规硶鐛插緱銆�20涓栫磤(j矛)60骞翠唬鏈敱缇庡湅鐨勭稖鍚堝寲瀛�(xu茅)鍏徃DIAMONDSHAMROCK 鍏徃鍗崇従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑 METAL CORTLNG INTERNATIONAL 鍏徃(MCII)鎵€闁嬬櫦(f膩)銆佸湪涓栫晫鍚勫湅鍙栧緱灏堝埄鐨�銆佸妰鏅�(sh铆)浠ｇ殑閲戝爆闃查姽琛ㄩ潰铏曠悊绯荤当(t菕ng)[1-2]銆�
銆€銆€鐢变簬閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鍏锋湁鐗规畩鐨勮啘灞ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽劒(y艒u)鐣扮殑鑰愯潟鎬э紝鐒℃矮鑴�銆佺劇鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩薄鏌撶瓑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屽湪宸ユキ(y猫)鐧�(f膩)閬�(d谩)鍦嬪鐨勬苯杌娿€侀浕鍔�銆佸缓绛戙€佽埞鑸�銆侀惖璺�銆佹⿱姊佷互鍙婇珮閫熷叕璺(h霉)娆勭瓑澶氱ó闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷凡缍�(j墨ng)寰楀埌鎳�(y墨ng)鐢╗3]銆傛垜鍦嬬洿鍒�20涓栫磤(j矛)90骞翠唬鎵嶇敱涓婃捣閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傝宸ユキ(y猫)鏈夐檺鍏徃銆佸崡浜畯鍏夌┖闄嶇瓑鍠綅灏囬仈(d谩)鍏嬬緟鎶€琛�(sh霉)寮曢€�(j矛n)鑷冲湅鍏�(n猫i)銆傛噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪姹借粖銆佹(j墨)姊般€佷氦閫�銆侀毀閬撱€佽粛浜�銆佹⿱姊佺瓑琛屾キ(y猫)涓娿€�
銆€銆€閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鍏锋湁瑷卞鍎�(y艒u)鐣版€ц兘锛屼絾涔熸湁缂洪粸(di菐n)锛屽湪閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傛枡涓惈鏈夌磩2%鐨凜r6+锛岀洝绠￠仈(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傛枡涓禃澶ч儴鍒嗙殑Cr6+鍦ㄧ儤鐑ゅ浐鍖栭亷绋嬩腑鍙冭垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤Cr3+锛屼絾浠嶆湁灏戦噺鐨勯壔浠ュ彲婧舵€у叚鍍�(ji脿)閴荤殑褰㈠紡淇濈暀鍦ㄦ秱灞や腑銆傝€孋r6+鏄溇鎵€鍛ㄧ煡鐨勬湁瀹崇墿璩�(zh矛)锛屾瘨鎬у挤(qi谩ng)涓旀湁鑷寸檶浣滅敤锛屾渻灏嶄汉椤炵敓瀛樼挵(hu谩n)澧冮€犳垚鍤�(y谩n)閲嶆薄鏌揫4]銆傜洰鍓嶄笘鐣屽悇鍦嬮兘鍦ㄩ檺鍒跺畠鐨勪娇鐢�銆�
銆€銆€闅ㄨ憲鍏ㄧ悆鐠�(hu谩n)淇濇剰璀樼殑鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)锛岃〃闈㈣檿鐞嗙殑鐒￠壔鍖栧凡鎴愮偤涓€绋定鍕�锛岀劇閴婚浕閸峓5~7]銆佺劇閴婚垗鍖朳8]銆佺劇閴诲寲娑傛枡[9]宸查枊濮嬮€愭娴佽銆傚洜姝�,鐮旂┒鍜岄枊鐧�(f膩)鍙栦唬鍚壔閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鐨勭劇閴婚仈(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍕㈠湪蹇呰銆�
2銆€鐒￠壔閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟
2.1銆€鍦嬪収(n猫i)澶栫爺绌剁従(xi脿n)鐙€
銆€銆€鐒￠壔閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟涔熷彨鐒￠壔閶呴媮娑傚堡锛岄枊鐧�(f膩)鐒￠壔閶呴媮娑傚堡鍏锋湁鍗佸垎閲嶈鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鏁堢泭銆佺ぞ鏈冩晥鐩婂拰鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩晥鐩�锛屽湪淇濈暀鍘熸湁閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟鐨勫悇闋�(xi脿ng)鍎�(y艒u)鐣版€ц兘鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婏紝娓涘皯鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩薄鏌�锛屽緸鑰屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐪熸鐨勭稜鑹茬挵(hu谩n)淇�锛屽畠浣滅偤閶呴壔娑傚堡(閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟)鐨勬洿鏂�?li谩n)Q浠ｇ敘(ch菐n)鍝佸凡缍�(j墨ng)棣栧厛琚苯杌婂埗閫犺妤�(y猫)鏅亶瑾�(r猫n)鍙拰鎺ュ彈銆�
銆€銆€閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡涓殑閴婚吀楣戒富瑕佽捣绮樻帴鍔戝拰閳嶅寲鍔戠殑浣滅敤锛屼綔鐐洪仈(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鐨勬浛浠ｇ敘(ch菐n)鍝佺劇閴婚媴閶佹秱灞や篃闇€鍚湁涓€绋垨骞剧ó鐗╄唱(zh矛)浣滅偤绮樼祼(ji茅)鍔戝拰閳嶅寲鍔�锛屾浛浠ｉ壔閰搁菇鐨勭劇閴荤墿璩�(zh矛)涓昏鍖呮嫭鐒￠壔閳嶅寲鍔戝拰鏈夋(j墨)鑱氬悎鐗╂垚鑶滃姂銆�
銆€銆€鐐轰簡瑙ｆ焙閫欎竴鍟忛锛�1997骞�锛岀編鍦嬮噾灞秱灞ゅ湅闅涘叕鍙哥敵璜嬩簡鈥滃彲鎻愪緵闃茶厫淇濊(h霉)鐨勬按鍙█閲嬫秱鏂欑祫鍚堢墿鈥濈殑鐧�(f膩)鏄庡皥鍒10]锛屽叾鎵€閲囩敤鐨勬秱鏂欐槸绗﹀悎缇庡湅VOC娉曡(gu墨)鐨勬按鎬ф秱鏂�锛岃┎鎶€琛�(sh霉)閲囩敤姘存€ф湁姗�(j墨)纭呬綔鐐洪噾灞槻鑵愯潟淇濊(h霉)鑶滅殑绮樼祼(ji茅)鐗╄唱(zh矛)锛屼笉浣跨敤鏈夋(j墨)婧跺姂锛屼笉鍚湁姣掔殑閲戝爆(濡傞幊銆侀墰銆侀媷銆佹睘)浠ュ強鍏児(ji脿)閴绘垨涓夊児(ji脿)閴�锛屽叿鏈夋秱灞よ杽銆佺劇姘剢銆佹姉闆欓噾灞厫铦曘€佽€愭湁姗�(j墨)婧跺姂銆佽€愮啽鎬�銆佸皫(d菐o)闆绘€�銆佽€愯厫铦曠瓑鎬ц兘鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�
銆€銆€2011骞村崡浜伐妤�(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐢宠珛浜嗏€滀竴绋按鎬х劇閴婚仈(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傛恫鍙婂叾鍒跺倷鏂规硶鈥濈殑鐧�(f膩)鏄庡皥鍒11],鍏跺皥鍒╀腑鎸囧嚭瑭叉秱鏂欎娇鐢ㄩ尦楣藉拰纭呯兎鍋惰伅(li谩n)鍔戜綔鐐烘垚鑶滅墿璩�(zh矛)銆傜稜鑹茬挵(hu谩n)淇�,鐒＄挵(hu谩n)澧冩薄鏌�,鐒″叕瀹�,鍚屾檪(sh铆)鑰愯潟鑰愬€欐€уソ銆�
銆€銆€2012骞寸帇瀹忕敵璜嬩簡鈥滄按鍩虹劇閴婚媴閶佹秱娑插強鍏跺埗鍌欐柟娉曞拰浣跨敤鏂规硶鈥濈殑鐧�(f膩)鏄庡皥鍒12]锛屽叾灏堝埄涓寚鍑鸿┎娑傛枡涓昏鐢辩墖鐙€閲戝爆绮�銆佹憾鍔�銆侀倓鍘熷姂銆佸绋犲姂銆佹饯婵曞姂銆佺矘绲�(ji茅)鍔戝強鍚鍖栧悎鐗╃祫鎴�锛屽叾娑傚堡鎶€琛�(sh霉)鑰愯潟鎬ч仈(d谩)涓€ч菇闇ц│椹�(y脿n)840h锛岃€愮啽鎬ц│椹�(y脿n)瓒呴亷96h锛屽湪鍦嬪収(n猫i)铏曚簬闋�(l菒ng)鍏堟按骞�锛屽彲浠ュぇ骞呴檷浣庢湁瀹崇墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勪娇鐢ㄩ噺锛屾敼鍠勫伐浣滅挵(hu谩n)澧�銆�
銆€銆€2013骞村嫉杌嶇敵璜嬩簡鈥滀竴绋惈閹傜殑鐒￠壔閶呴媮娑傚堡闃茶厫娑傛枡鈥濈殑鐧�(f膩)鏄庡皥鍒13]锛屽叾鐧�(f膩)鏄庣殑鐒￠壔閶呴媮娑傚堡闃茶厫娑傛枡涓昏鐢遍媴閶侀巶鍚堥噾绮�銆佺磵绫充簩姘у寲纭�銆佹湪璩�(zh矛)绱犵：閰搁垑銆佽嫰骞朵笁姘攽銆佺～浠ｄ簩涔欎簩閱囥€佷笁鑻熀鑶�銆佸洓姘熷寲閶�銆佄�-姘ㄤ笝鍩轰笁涔欐哀鍩虹鐑枫€佽倢閱囧叚纾烽吀閰�銆侀唻涓佺簴缍礌銆佷箼閱�銆佸幓闆㈠瓙姘寸祫鎴�銆傚叾鐧�(f膩)鏄庡叿鏈夌劇姣掋€佺劇姹℃煋銆佷綆婧揩閫熻檿鐞嗐€佹搷浣滅啊鍠�銆佸師鏂欎締婧愬唬娉涖€佸児(ji脿)鏍间綆銆佹竻娼旂敓鐢�(ch菐n)绛夌壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
2.2銆€闃茶厫姗�(j墨)鐞�
銆€銆€鐒￠壔閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡闃茶厫姗�(j墨)鐞嗗悓閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟鐩镐技锛屾槸涓€绋泦鐗╃悊灞忚斀銆侀櫚妤典繚璀�(h霉)銆侀垗鍖栧拰闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)淇濊(h霉)浣滅敤浜庝竴楂旂殑涓€绋湁绔嬮珨淇濊(h霉)浣滅敤鐨勮啘锛岃兘鐐哄熀楂旈噾灞彁渚涘緢濂界殑闃茶(h霉)浣滅敤[14]銆�
銆€銆€(1)鐗╃悊灞忚斀浣滅敤
銆€銆€鐢变簬娑傚堡涓墖鐙€閲戝爆绮夊堡鐙€閲嶇枈鎺掑垪,绮樼祼(ji茅)鍔戠瓑鐗╄唱(zh矛)濉厖鍦ㄩ媴閶佺矇鐨勫井瑙€绌洪殭涓笡灏戜簡娑傚堡绌洪殭, 褰㈡垚浜嗛潪甯告湁鏁堢殑闃绘搵灞�銆備娇寰椾镜铦曟€ч洟瀛愰仈(d谩)鍒板熀楂旂殑閫斿緫鏇叉姌銆佽壉闆ｏ紝璧峰埌涓€鍊�(g猫)鐗╃悊闃茶(h霉)灞ょ殑灞忚斀浣滅敤銆�
銆€銆€(2)闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)浣滅敤
銆€銆€鐢变簬閶呴媮闆讳綅姣旈惖璨�(f霉),鍦ㄩ媴閶佹秱灞よ垏閶奸惖鍩洪珨褰㈡垚寰鑵愯潟鍘熼浕姹犲悗锛岄睏鐗囩媭閶呴媮绮変綔鐐洪櫧妤垫渻鍎�(y艒u)鍏堣厫铦�锛岀偤閶奸惖鍩洪珨鎻愪緵闄版サ淇濊(h霉)銆�
銆€銆€(3)閳嶅寲浣滅敤
銆€銆€鐢变簬閶佸湪澶ф埃涓サ鏄撴哀鍖栬€屽湪琛ㄩ潰鐢熸垚鑷村瘑鐨勬哀鍖栬啘,鏇村ソ鐨勯樆绀欎簡鑵愯潟浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勬徊閫�銆傚彟澶�锛屾秱鏂欎腑娣诲姞鐨勯垗鍖栧姂鍙笡绶╅媴閶佺瓑閲戝爆鐨勮厫铦�锛屽緸鑰岄檷浣庡熀楂旂殑鑵愯潟閫熷害銆�
銆€銆€(4)鑷慨寰�(f霉)浣滅敤
銆€銆€鐣�(d膩ng)娑傚堡鍙楁悕鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彲鑳芥湁娈樼暀鐨勯垗鍖栧姂鎶婅８闇茬殑閶�銆侀媮琛ㄩ潰姘у寲褰㈡垚閳嶅寲鑶�, 鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛岃厫铦曠敘(ch菐n)鐗╃殑娌夌⿳褰㈡垚瑕嗚搵灞ら殧闆簡鑵愯潟浠嬭唱(zh矛)鍜岃淇濊(h霉)鍩洪珨銆傚張鎭㈠京(f霉)浜嗘秱灞ょ殑鈥滈樆鎿嬧€濆姛鑳絒15]銆�
2.3銆€鎬ц兘鐗归粸(di菐n)
銆€銆€鐒￠壔閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鍩烘湰鍏锋湁閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡鐨勪竴鍒囩壒榛�(di菐n)锛岃€屼笖鐩告瘮閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟鑰岃█鏇村姞鐠�(hu谩n)淇�銆�
銆€銆€(l)娑傚堡钖�
銆€銆€鐒￠壔閶呴媮娑傚堡鐨勫帤搴﹂€氬父鐐�8锝�10渭m;甯舵湁灏侀枆灞ょ殑(濡侴EOMET)锛屽叾鍘氬害鐐�10锝�14渭m銆�
銆€銆€(2)鐒℃矮鑴�
銆€銆€鐒￠壔閬�(d谩)鍏嬬緟娑傚堡铏曠悊閬庣▼涓笉鐢ㄩ吀娲�锛屾矑鏈夊皫(d菐o)鑷寸敘(ch菐n)鐢熸矮鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎴栭浕鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾墍浠ラ伩鍏嶄簡姘剢鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢�锛岀壒鍒ラ仼鐢ㄤ簬灏嶆矮鑴嗘晱鎰熺殑楂樺挤(qi谩ng)搴﹂嫾鍒堕浂浠躲€�
銆€銆€(3)鎶楅洐閲戝爆鑵愯潟
銆€銆€澶у鏁�(sh霉)閶呭堡鑸囬媮鎴栭嫾绶婂瘑閰嶅悎鏅�(sh铆)鏈冪敘(ch菐n)鐢熷吀鍨嬬殑闆欓噾灞井闆绘睜鑵愯潟锛岃€岀劇閴婚媴閶佹秱灞や腑鐨勯媮楸楃墖鑳藉娑堥櫎涓婅堪鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�;
銆€銆€(4)鑰愭湁姗�(j墨)婧跺姂
銆€銆€浣滅偤涓€绋劇姗�(j墨)娑傚堡锛岃兘澶犺€愬彈鏈夋(j墨)婧跺姂;
銆€銆€(5)鑰愮啽鎬�
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